50
Ahmet Tayfur Akcan
Among the labour market-based causes of the high percentage of unemployment
rates, the unbalanced migration moves come in the first order. The need for labour
force supply which occurs as a result of the developing transportation opportu-
nities and a decrease in the demand for labour in relation to the mechanisation in
agriculture increases the migration mobility (Yüceol 2011: 34).
In the Syria context the open-door policy of Turkey has resulted in the registered
settlement of 3 million Syrian refugees in Turkey. If the number of unregistered Syr-
ian refugees to this overall number, the severity of the situation can better be un-
derstood. The main problem about the Syrian refugees is due to the ones who do
not settle in the camps and directly offer their labour force to the market. Accord-
ing to the data taken from Turkish Immigration Authority Head Office, only 9.3% of
registered Syrians live in the camps at the beginning of 2017. The remaining part
have migrated to various parts of Turkey and sustain their lives there.
In the solution of the young unemployment problem there are two factors related
to conjectural and structural reasons. For the solution of conjectural reason-based
young unemployment, the solution is formed with demand-side policies. For the
structure-based young unemployment, on the other hand, supply-side policies
are necessary (Çetinkaya 2010: 55). While the conjecture-based causes of these
situations are accepted to be temporary reasons, the structural ones are accepted
to be permanent. Conjectural fluctuations are exterior problems.
Within the scope of fighting against unemployment policies, two policies are is-
sued in Turkey. While the policies directed against social problems are defined as
the passive policies, the policies directed towards the solution of other problems
are defined as active policies (Bayraktar and İncekara 2013: 27-28). Although the
active and passive policies change in time, they can be classified as the following:
İŞKUR issued its employment policies in accordance with the European Union
and defines its policies especially with the help of OECD countries. OECD coun-
tries classify their fights against unemployment in seven main groups (Ay 2012:
331):
• The matching-up of the employee and the employer as well as counselling
service should be executed by the state.
• Giving vocational education
• Subsidized unemployment
• Employment policies for young people
