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Ahmet Tayfur Akcan
that young people remain unemployed because of the lack of new job positions.
Keynesian Approach, on the other hand, explains the main reason of unemploy-
ment with the inconsistencies in the employment. Lastly, the Shumpeterian Ap-
proach explains unemployment with the structural changes in the labour market.
The struggle with the young employment has come to the fore in the 5th Five-year
Progress Plan which as valid between the years 1985-1989. According to the anal-
ysis of the context of the plan, the 10% of 15-19 year-old young people are unem-
ployed (Murat and Şahin 2011: 449). Additionally, within the framework of the plan,
it was decided that the priority would be given to the investments which would both
provide an increase in the domestic income and form new job opportunities at the
same time (Biçerli 2004: 276). With the increase of new investment opportunities, it
was aimed to lead to a decrease in especially the young unemployment and then in
the unemployment in general.
There are five reasons of the high percentage of young unemployment in Turkey.
These can be listed as population-based, education-based, labour-market based
(Murat and Şahin 2011: 325), globalization-based and state structure-based (Toprak
ve Demir 2001: 11) problems.
The excess of the population engaged in farming can be given as an example to
the population-based problems. Especially the migration movements triggered by
the rapid increase of the young population in Eastern parts of the country and of
the lack of entrepreneurship lead to an increase in the young unemployment. The
enormity of the population engaged in farming, the division of the agricultural area
during the portion of the inheritance and insufficient agricultural areas are also the
reasons of internal migration and young unemployment.
The fact that the education system cannot achieve a statically competent system
and that it cannot meet the needs of real sector plays an important role in the accel-
eration of the unemployment. In order for this problem to be overcomed, life-long
learning system should be expanded to every period of the educational system and
necessary supports should be sustained.
Another reason of the unemployment is state-based factor in the labour market.
The policies applied concerning employment and unemployment do not aim at ar-
ranging new empty positions for the young people and this can be shown as an
example to the state-based main reasons. The following reasons lie under state-
based causes:
