75
To Be or Not To Be Political: An Investigation of Active Youth Citizenship Among Young, Educated Syrians in Beirut to Question International Development Discourse
JOURNAL OF YOUTH RESEARCHES
• Campante, F.R. & Chor, D. (2012, September 16). The educated middle class, their economic prospects,
and the Arab spring. The World Financial Review. Retrieved from:
.
com/?p=1483 [Accessed: 27 July 2016].
• Chatty, D. (2015). The Syrian humanitarian disaster: Disparities in perceptions, aspirations and behaviour
in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey. RSC Research in Brief 3. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre, University
of Oxford.
• Cornwall, A. (2002). Locating citizen participation. IDS Bulletin 33(2): i-x.
• Cresswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Los
Angeles: Sage.
• Drummond-Mundal, L. & Cave, G. (2007). Young peacebuilders: Exploring youth engagement with con-
flict and social change. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 3(3): 63-76.
• Dunne, M. et al. (2014). Youth as active citizens Report. Centre for International Education, University of
Sussex; SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; Oxfam Novib.
• Foucault, M. (1966). Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines. Paris: Gallimard.
• Foucault, M. (1969). L’archéologie du savoir. Paris: Gallimard.
• Gaventa, J. & Tandon, R. (2010). Citizen engagements in a globalizing world. In: Id. (eds.) Globalizing
citizens: New dynamics of inclusion and exclusion. (3-30). London: Zed Press.
• Geertz, C. (1973). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In: Id. The Interpretation of
Cultures: Selected Essays (3-30). New York: Basic Books.
• Hardill, I. & Baines, S. (2011). Enterprising care? Unpaid voluntary action in the 21st century. Bristol:
Policy Press.
• Hinnebusch, R.A. (1995). State, civil society, and political change in Syria. In: A.R. Norton (ed.) Civil so-
ciety in the Middle East (vol. 1) (214-242). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
• Isin, E.F. (2002) Citizenship after orientalism. In: E.F. Isin & B.S. Turner (eds.) Handbook of Citizenship
Studies (117-128). London: Sage.
• Isin, E.F. & Nyers, P. (2014) Introduction: Globalizing citizenship studies. In: Id. (eds.) Routledge Hand-
book of Global Citizenship Studies (1-11). New York: Routledge.
• Jones, E. & Gaventa, J. (2002). Concepts of citizenship: A review. IDS Development Bibliography 19.
Brighton: IDS Institute of Development Studies.
• Kawakibi, S. & Kodmani, B. (2013). Civil society against all odds. In: S. Kawabaki (ed.) Syrian voices from
pre-revolution Syria: Civil society against all odds (5-8). Knowledge Programme Civil Society in West Asia
Special Bulletin 2. The Hague: Hivos.
• Kenny, S. et al. (2015). Challenging the third sector: Global prospects for active citizenship. Bristol: Policy Press.
• Khouri, R.G. & Lopez, V.M. (eds.) (2011). A generation on the move: Insights into the conditions, aspira-
tions and activism of Arab youth (Executive summary). Beirut: Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and
International Affairs, American University of Beirut.
• Kiwan, D. (2014). Emerging forms of citizenship in the Arab world. In: E.F. Isin & P. Nyers (eds.) Routledge
Handbook of Global Citizenship Studies (307-316). New York: Routledge.
• Kiwan, D. (2015). Contesting citizenship in the Arab Revolutions: Youth, women, and refugees. Democ-
racy and Security 11(2): 129-144.
• Knight Abowitz, K. & Harnish, J. (2006). Contemporary discourses of citizenship. Review of Educational
Research 76(4): 653-690.
• Lopes Cardozo, M. et al. (2015). Literature review: Youth agency, peacebuilding and education. Amster-
dam: Research Consortium Education and Peacebuilding, University of Amsterdam. Retrieved from:
/ [Accessed: 21
July 2016].